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題目：An overview of the texts in Islamabad Museum Collection of Gandhari Buddhist manuscripts and the insights they provide into the literary and ideological developments that were taking place in Gandhara between the 1st century BCE and the early 3rd century CE.

講師：Mark Allon (Associate Professor, The University of Sydney)

日時：2026年6月12日(金) 16:00-17:30

会場：東京大学東洋文化研究所3階大会議室

司会：馬場紀寿（東京大学東洋文化研究所、教授）

講演要旨：In this lecture I will discuss the large collection of Gandhari Buddhist manuscripts housed at the Islamabad Museum in Pakistan, which I first introduced to Japanese scholars at the 68th International Conference of Eastern Studies in Tokyo in 2024, and its relationship to other Gandhari manuscript collections.
The Islamabad Museum Collection of Gandhari manuscripts, which date from apparently the 1st century BCE to the early 3rd century CE, contains a great diversity of text types. This includes early ‘canonical’ texts, such as the Prātimokṣa, Itivuttaka/Itiyuktaka, and Aṭṭhakavagga/Arthapada, commentaries, a biography of the Buddha without parallel, a stotra praising the Buddha’s indifference towards pain and blame and pleasure and praise in Mālinī metre, an Arapacana acrostic text in Śārdūlavikrīḍita metre, another that mentions the monk Nāgasena, though unfortunately not a Milindapañha, and a metrical text on anger, its negative effects and the positive effects of abandoning it. The collection also preserves the largest number of Mahāyāna texts in the Gandhari language, some with parallels, such as the Samādhirāja-sūtra, Pratyutpannasaṃmukhāvasthitabuddhasamādhi-sūtra, and *Sucinti-sūtra, others without parallel, such as a scholastic treatise. Interestingly, the collection contains at least two texts that concern Kushan kings who reigned during this period, namely, Vema Takhtu and Vema Kadphises, which gives some insight into the relationship between Buddhist communities in Gandhara and the major political figures of the day. Particularly noteworthy are the number of texts that lack a parallel in another language, whether they be prose or verse. Many of these appear to be local compositions, which witness the importance of textual composition to Gandharan Buddhist monastics.
In this lecture I will discuss the texts in the collection, profiling texts of particular interest, and discuss what we are to make of the collection as a whole and what these texts may tell us about the community or communities that produced these manuscripts and the ideas and practices they were favouring and developing.

講演者紹介：Mark Allon teaches Sanskrit, Pali and Gandhari, and Buddhist, Indian, and Asian studies at the University of Sydney, Australia. His primary research interests are the composition and transmission of early Buddhist literature, the ways in which texts have been used by Buddhist communities, and the Indic languages of early Buddhist texts. He is involved in two major research projects. The first concerns the study and publication of the recently discovered Gandhari Buddhist manuscripts from Pakistan and Afghanistan. The second involves the conservation, photographing, and study of the Kuthodaw Pagoda marble stelae recension of the Pali canon in Mandalay, Myanmar. He is the author of Style and Function: A Study of Dominant Stylistic Features of the Prose Portions of Pāli Canonical Sutta Texts and Their Mnemonic Function (Tokyo, 1997), Three Gāndhārī Ekottarikāgama-Type Sūtras: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments 12 and 14 (Seattle, 2001), The Composition and Transmission of Early Buddhist Texts with Specific Reference to Sutras(Hamburg, 2021), and numerous articles on early Buddhist literature. In collaboration with an international community of scholars and digital humanists, he is engaged in developing tools for the digital publication of Buddhist manuscripts and inscriptions.