Research Faculty

IKEMOTO Yukio

IKEMOTO Yukio

Professor
-2021,
Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia
ikemoto[at]
Research theme: Poverty and Coffee in Asia

Poverty and Inequality in Asia

Research Topics


(1)Application of Amartya Sen’s capability approach to poverty issues.
(2)Coffee and solidarity economy
(3)Income Inequality in Malaysia and Thailand

Research activities

Books
  • Rahman, Pk. Md. Motiur, Noriatsu Matsui, and Ikemoto Yukio. Dynamics of Poverty in Rural Bangladesh: Springer, 2013.2.
  • Sen, Amartya. The Idea of Justice. Translated by Ikemoto Yukio. 東京: 明石書店, 2011.12. (in Japanese)
  • Rahman, Pk. Md. Motiur, Noriatsu Matsui, and Ikemoto Yukio. The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh : livelihood constraints and capabilities: Routledge, 2009.11.
  • Nussbaum, Martha. Josei to ningen kaihatsu senzai noryoku apurochi. Translated by Yukio Ikemoto, Satsuki Taguchi, and Hiromi Tsuboi. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2005.10. (in Japanese)
  • Geertz, Clifford. Imboryushon: uchi ni mukau hatten:Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Translated by Yukio Ikemoto Nettowaku no shakai kagaku:Social Science of Network. Tokyo: NTT publishers, 2001.7. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. Tonan-Ajia no keizai kiki to shotoku bumpai, hinkon ni kansuru kenkyu:Studies about Economic Crisis, Income Distribution and Poverty in Southeast Asia Heisei 11 nendo ~ 12 nendo kagaku kenkyu-hi hojo-kin kiban kenkyu (C) (2) [kenkyu seika hokoku-sho] Mombu-sho kagaku kenkyu-hi hojo-kin kiban kenkyu (C) (2) kenkyu seika hokoku-sho. Tokyo2001. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. Tonan-Ajia no keizai kiki to shotoku bumpai, hinkon ni kansuru kenkyu: chukan hokoku-sho:Studies about Economic Crisis, Income Distribution and Poverty in Southeast Asia: Progress Report Heisei 11 nendo kagaku kenkyu-hi hojo-kin kadai bango 11630036 chukan hokoku-sho. Tokyo2000. (in Japanese)
  • Sen, Amartya Kumar. Fu-byodo no sai-kento: senzai noryoku to jiyu:Inequality Reexamined. Translated by Yukio Ikemoto, Hiroki Nogami, and Jin Sato. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1999.7. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. Income Distribution in Thailand: Its Changes, Causes, and Structure. Vol. 25 of The I.D.E. occasional papers series. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1991.
Edited Books
  • Matsui, Noriatsu, and Yukio Ikemoto, eds. Solidarity Economy and Social Business: New Models for a New Society: Springer, 2015.3.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, Koji Domon, and Tran Dinh Lam, eds. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: The Way to Success: VNU-HCM Publishing House, 2014.6.
  • Phan, Thanh, Hwen Nie Kdam, and Ikemoto Yukio, eds. Coffee in Vietnam’s Central Highlands: Historical, Anthropological and Economic Perspectives. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Vietnam National University Hochiminh City Press, 2007.
  • Matsui, Noriatsu, and Yukio Ikemoto, eds. Ajia no kaihatsu to hinkon: kano-ryoku to joseino empawamento to QOL:Development and poverty in Asia : capability, women’s empowerment and quality of life. Tokyo: Akashi Shoten, 2006.4. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, ed. Tonan-Ajia Torai-zon no chiiki keisei to hatten: chiiki hatten no koyu ronri (3):Formation and Development of the Refion in the Try Zone in Southeast Asia: Endemic Theory of Local Development 3. Vol. 30 of The Sogoteki chiiki kenkyu seika hokoku-sho shirizu:Global Area Studies Report Series. Kyoto: 重点領域研究「総合的地域研究」総括班, 1996.11. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, ed. Keizai no gurobaru-ka to chiiki kenkyu chiiki hatten no koyu ronri (4):Globalization of Economy and Area Studies: Endemic Theory of Local Development 4. Vol. 31 of The Sogo-teki chiiki kenkyu seika hokoku-sho shirizu:Global Area Studies Report Series. Kyoto: 重点領域研究「総合的地域研究」総括班, 1996.11. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, and Warin Wonghanchao, eds. Tai no keizai seisaku: rekishi, genjo, tembo : Tai Nihon kyodo kenkyu:Economic Policy of Thailand. Vol. 1 of The ASEAN to genchi kenkyu shirizu. Tokyo: Iistitute of Developing Economies, 1988.6. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio、Warin Wonghanchao 編 『Economic Development Policy in Thailand: A Historical Review』 ASEDP 第1巻 Institute of Developing Economies、1988.
Report
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. Phan Son – Phan Lam Communes Ethnic Minorities Baseline Survey Final Report: JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation), 2003.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. Income Inequality in Thailand: 1981-94: Development Strategy from Regional Perspectives by Koichi Ohno and Nobuaki Hamaguchi eds., 1998.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. Japanese Economic Development and Laos: Japan Foundation, 1996.
Articles and Book Chapters
  • Yasmin, S., Sakurai, T., and Y. Ikemoto. “Determinants of Adoption of Modern Dairy Farming in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh.”Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 16, no. 8 2021.12.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Equality and Inequality in Japanese Modernization.” L’Asie comme horizon de pensée Japon, Expériences de modernisation et de développement: Académie Royale du Maroc, 2020: 56-101.
  • Yasmin, S., and Y. Ikemoto. “Profile of Women Dairy Farmers in Two Villages of Mymensingh District.”Asian Social Science 16, no. 7 2020.12: 119-127.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Equality and Inequality in Japanese Modernization.” L’Asie comme horizon de pensée: Japon, Expériences de modernisation et de développement: Académie Royale du Maroc, 2020: 56-101.
  • Masamitsu Kurata, Noriatsu Matsui, Yukio Ikemoto, Hiromi Tsuboi. “Do Determinants of Adopting Solar Home Systems Differ between Households and Micro-Enterprises? Evidence from Rural Bangladesh.”Renewable Energy, no. 129 2018.6: 995-1013.
  • Dishanka, S., and Y. Ikemoto. “Justice in the tea estate community in Sri Lanka: An explanation through freedom-based capability approach.”Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 1 2018.1: 6-18.
  • Masamitsu Kurata, Noriatsu Matsui, Yukio Ikemoto, Hiromi Tsuboi. “Multidimensional impacts of solar home systems: Evidence from rural Bangladesh.”Economics Bulletin 38, no. 2 2018.1: 995-1013.
  • Tadashi Hirai, Yukio Ikemoto. “Sen’s Economics in The Idea of Justice: Induction vs Deduction.”Review of Political Economy 2017.1: 1-18.
  • Tadashi Hirai, Flavio Comim, Yukio Ikemoto. “Happiness and Human Development: A Capability Perspective.”Journal of International Development 28 2016.8: 1155–1169.
  • Yasmin, S., and Y. Ikemoto. “Women’s Empowerment through Small-scale Dairy Farming in Selected Areas of Bangladesh.”Asian Social Science 26, no. 11 2015.11: 290-301.
  • Ruttiya Bhula-or, Yukio Ikemoto. “Factors Affecting the State of Empowerment of Migrant Workers through Complaints Mechanisms: Comparative Study of Migrant Workers in Thailand and Japan.”Journal Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Economics 15, no. 3 2015.9.
  • Yasmin, S., and Y. Ikemoto. “Women’s Participation in Small-scale Dairy Farming for Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh.”American International Journal of Social Science 4, no. 5 2015.7.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto, and Matsui Noriatsu. “Solidarity and Social Business: theoretical Background.” Solidarity Economy and Social Business New Models for a New Society, Springer Briefs in Economics: Springer, 2015: 1-11.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Certified Coffee and Solidarity.” Solidarity Economy and Social Business New Models for a New Society, Springer Briefs in Economics: Springer, 2015: 81-94.
  • Kim Ki-Hueng,, and Ikemoto Yukio. “Role of Solidarity in Organic Agriculture.” Solidarity Economy and Social Business New Models for a New Society, Springer Briefs in Economics: Springer, 2015: 73-80.
  • Kokubun Keisuke, Kurata Masamitsu, Ikemoto Yukio. “World Income Distribution: Inequality between Countries and within Country.”Toukei 66, no. 2 2015.2: 17-25. (in Japanese)
  • Ruttiya Bhula-or, Yukio Ikemoto. “Migrant workers’ employment and their working conditions in the post-disaster recovery period: Case study of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake.”International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories 4, no. 6 2014.12: 995-1006.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto, and Yuka Matsumoto. “The Role of Democracy in Local Autonomy: Transcendental Institutionalism vs. Comparative Approach.” Public Affairs in ASEAN Community; 1st Khon Kaen University International Conference on Public Administration 2014 Proceeding. Thailand: Khon Kaen University, 2014: 3-20.
  • Ponluksanapimol, R., & Y. Ikemoto. “The Effectiveness of Thailand’s 7 Greens Initiative for Tourism Sustainability in Nan Province.”Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts 5, no. 2 2014.6.
  • Ruttiya Bhula-or, Yukio Ikemoto. “Factors affecting involuntary part-time employment in OECD countries.”Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research 3, no. 2 2014.6: 333 – 349.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Roles of the SMEs in Japanese Development.” Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: The Way to Success. Edited by Yukio Ikemoto, Koji Domon, and Tran Dinh Lam: VNU-HCM Publishing House, 2014: 84-101.
  • Ponluksanapimol, R., & Y. Ikemoto. “Development toward Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Nan Province, Thailand.”The International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social, and Cultural Context 9, no. 4 2014.3.
  • Charoenphandhu,N.,Ikemoto, Y. “Income Inequality and Sustainability: A Case Study in the Northeast of Thailand.”The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability 2014.1.
  • Charoenphandhu,N.,Ikemoto, Y. “Income Distribution and Political Conflicts.”International Journal of Thai Studies 2013.12.
  • Dishanka, S., and Y. Ikemoto. “Social development and labour productivity: The problem and a solution for the tea plantation sector of Sri Lanka.”Colombo Business Journal 4, no. 2 2013.6: 67-80.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Japan’s Crisis from the Perspective of Amartya Sen’s Idea of Justice.”East Asia in the Context of World/Global History (2012.12): 439-440.
  • Charoenphandhu,N.,Ikemoto, Y. “Income Distribution in Thailand: Decomposition Analysis of Regional Income Disparity.”Journal of Rural Economics 2012.12: 387-394.
  • Kurata, Masamitsu, and Yukio Ikemoto. “Decentralization and Economic Development in Thailand: Regional Disparity in Fiscal Capacity and Educational Decentralization.” Fiscal Decentralization and Development; Experiences of Three Developing Countries in Southeast Asia. Edited by Hiroko Utimura: palgrave macmillan, 2012: 171-201.
  • Pk.Md.Motiur Rahman,, Noriatsu Matsui, and Yukio Ikemoto. “Inter-Temporal Mobility of Poverty Status in Rural Bangladesh.”THE TEIKYO KEIZAIGAKU KENKYU (THE TEIKYO UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC REVIEW) 45, no. 2 (2012.3): 67-83. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Economic Development.” The University of Tokyo Academic Groove. Edited by The University of Tokyo. Tokyo: The University of Tokyo Press, 2008: 75-75. (in Japanese)
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “コーヒーにみる生業と生産の社会的布置.”民博通信, no. 123 2008: 14-16. (in Japanese)
  • Yukio, Ikemoto, and Kim Kihueng. “Organic Farming and the Capability Approach.”国学院経済学 56, no. 3-4 2008. (in Japanese)
  • Phan, Thanh, and Ikemoto Yukio. “Ethnic Minority People and Tourism in Vietnam: The Traditional Textile in Binh Thuan Province.”立命館大学人文科学研究所紀要, no. 91 2008: 67-97. [Link]
  • Kazuo, Sambongi, and Ikemoto Yukio. “Development Process of Indonesian Mandheling Coffee(インドネシア・マンデリンコーヒーの発展過程).”Oriental Culture(東洋文化), 2008.3: 145-172. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Betonamu kohi no yushutsu kakudai to ‘kumo no su teiri’:Vietnamese Coffee: Export Expansion and the Cobweb Theorem.”Kurosu rodo:Crossroads, Tokyo: Japan International Cooperation Agency 43, no. 496 2007: 39-39. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Toyo-bunka Kenkyu-sho tosho-shitsu.” Aji-ken warudo torendo. no. 138. Chiba: Institute of Developing Economies, 2007: 11-13. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Betonamu kohi to gurobarizeshon:Vietnamese Coffee and Globalization.”Gekkan oruta, Tokyo: Pacific Asia Resource Center, no. 384 2007: 18-19. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Hinkon to fu-byodo o do toraeruka.”Gekkan oruta, Tokyo: Pacific Asia Resource Center, no. 385 2007: 16-17. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Kofuku to Keizai-gaku.”Sogo Ningen-gaku sosho 2 2007: 80-92. (in Japanese) [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Keipabiriti kara mita hinkon sakugen no tame no kanko kaihatsu:The Capability Approach for Pro-poor Tourism.”Ritsumeikan Daigaku Jimbun-kagaku Kenkyu-sho:Memoirs of Institute of Humanities, Human and Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto: Institute of Humanities, Human and Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, no. 89 2007.3: 113-148. (in Japanese) [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Gurobarizeshon to batikku:Globalization and Batik.” Sarasa konjaku monogatari: Jawa kara sekai e. Edited by Shinobu Yoshimoto. Suita: The Senri Foundation, 2006: 96-97. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “From Multiple to Singular Usefulness: Coffee in Vietnam.” Multiply Useful Plants: Uses and Usefulness. Edited by Takeshi Matsui, and Saroj Aungusmalin. Tokyo: The Head Office of the Project on “Distribution and Sharing of Resources in Symbolic and Ecolojical [i.e. Ecological] Systems: Integrative Model-building in Anthropology”, 2005.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Coffee, Poverty, and Environment.”Nature and Human Communities, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag 2004. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, and Izumi Takei. “Regional Income Gap and Migration: the case of Thailand.”Harvard Asia Quarterly, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Asia Center VIII, no. 3 2004.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, and H’wen Nie Kdam. “Growing Sub-sectors in Vietnam’s Agriculture: Coffee Sub-sector.” Growing Sub-sectors in Vietnam’s Agriculture, Ministry of Planning and Investment. Edited by Yoichi Izumida, and Le Hong Thai: Vietnam and Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2003: 165-196.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “1930 nendai Tonan-Ajia no boeki to keizai:Trade and Economy of 1930s in Southeast Asia.” 1930 nendai no Ajia kokusai chitsujo:International Order in Asia of 1930s. Edited by Shigeru Akita, and Naoto Kagotani. Hiroshima: Keisuisha, 2001. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, and Mine Uehara. “Income Inequality and Kuznets’ Hypothesis in Thailand.”Asian Economic Journal, Hong Kong: East Asian Economic Association 14, no. 4 2000.12: 421-443. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Tai ni okeru chiho kakusa no tayo-sei:Diversity of Local Differences in Thailand.” keizai hatten to chiiki kozo- chiiki keizai-gaku-teki apurochi no tembo:Economic development and regional economic structure : prospects of regional economics approach. Edited by Koichi Ono. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 2000: 59-81. (in Japanese) [Link]
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “The Role of Economic Policy in Historical Perspective: A Case of Traditional Weaving in Thailand.” Handicrafts and Industrial Development in Southeast Asia. Edited by Sekimoto Teruo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2000: 215-224.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Vetonamu no kakusa to hinkon mondai:Inequality and Poverty in Vietnam.” Vietonamu no shijo keizai-ka:Marketization of Vietnamese Economy. Edited by Shigeru Ishikawa, and Yonosuke Hara. Tokyo: Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1999: 99-110. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “ASEAN 4 no shotoku bumpai:Income Distribution of Asean 4.” ASEAN 4 no kin’yu to zaisei no ayumi- keizai hatten to tsuka kiki:Monetary and Fiscal Progress of ASEAN 4 -Economic Development and Currency Crisis. Tokyo: Institute of Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Japanese Ministry of Finance, 1998: 157-171. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Tai no shotoku bumpu to hinkon-ritsu:Income Distribution and Poverty in Thailand.” Ajia ni okeru shotoku bumpai to hinkon-ritsu no bunseki:Income Distribution and Poverty in Asia. Edited by Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, and Yoshiro Matsuda. Tokyo: Taga Shuppan, 1997: 211-226. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Mareshia no shotoku bumpu to hinkon-ritsu:Income Distribution and Poverty in Malaysia.” Ajia ni okertu shotoku bumpai to hinkon-ritsu no bunseki:Income Distribution and Poverty in Asia. Edited by Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, and Yoshiro Matsuda. Tokyo: Taga Shuppan, 1997: 227-241. (in Japanese)
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “An Expansion of Cottage Industry in Northeast Thailand – A Case of Triangular Pillow in Yasothon Province.”Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies: Center for Southeast Asian Studies 33, no. 4 1996: 122-137. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Tai kaden sangyo no hatten to shijo kozo:Home Electric Industriy in Thailand: Its Development and Market Structure.” Sangyo hatten to sangyo soshiki no henka: jido-sha sangyo to denki-denshi sangyo:Industrial Development and Changing Industiral Organization: Automobile Industry and Electric and Electronic Industries. Edited by Taeko Taniura. Vol. 443, Kenkyu sosho. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1994: 323-342. (in Japanese)
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Incoem Inequality in Thailand in the 1980s.”Tonan Ajia Kenkyu (Southeast Asian Studies), Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University 30, no. 2 1992. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Rama 4 sei ki no ‘shokyoku-teki’ keizai seisaku:The ‘Conservative’ Economic Policies of Siam during the Reign of the King Rama IV.”Tonan Ajia Kenkyu:Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. (in Japanese)
Book Reviews
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Income Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia by Shireen Mardziah Hashim, Lanham, Md., Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998.”Developing economies 37, no. 3 (1999.9): 365-381.
Conference
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “The Role of Democracy in Local Autonomy: Transcendental Institutionalism vs. Comparative Approach.” Presented at the 1st International Conference on Public Administration Khon Kaen University (KKU-ICPA), Khon Kaen University, Thailand, August 28 2014.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Inequality in Japanese society.” Presented at the UTokyo Forum 2013 Brazil, University of Sao Paulo, November 11 2013.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Economic Development and Conflicts in East Asia.” Presented at the UTokyo Forum 2013 Chile, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, November 8 2013. [Link]
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in a Wider Perspective.” Presented at the The Bank of Thailand, Northeastern Region Office, and Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, June 13 2013.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Coffee in the Changing Thai Life Style.” Presented at the International Conference on Thai Studies “Thai Food Heritage: Local to Global”, August 2009.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Roles of the SMEs in Japanese Development.” Presented at the Japanese Medium and Small-Sized Enterprises: The Way to Success, Center for Vietnamese and Southeast Asian, University of Social Sciences and Humanities (Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city), June 2009.
  • Kataoka Yoko, Ikemoto Yukio. “Inequality, Capability and Freedom: The Case of Japanese Labor Market.” Presented at the Human Development and Capability Association (HDCA), September 2007.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Income Distribution and Poverty in Asia.” Presented at the International Conference on `Policy Perspectives on Growth, Economic Structure & Poverty Reduction` Tsinghua University, June 2007.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio, and Yoko. Kataoka. “Irreversible Process of Choice of Identity: A Case of Japanese Developmentalism.” Presented at the Workshop on Capabilities and Identity, Robinson College, Cambridge, UK., June 2005.
  • Ikemoto, Yukio. “Poverty Alleviation Policies and Ethnic Minority People in Vietnam.” Presented at the Justice and Poverty: Examining Sen’s Capability Approach, Cambridge, UK, June 6 2001, Von Hugen Institute,St Edmund’s College, University of Cambridge: 151-171.
  • Yukio, Ikemoto. “Poverty Alleviation Policy for Ethnic Minorities: A Capability Approach.” Presented at the Vietnam-Japan Joint Research -Phase 3-, Hanoi, December 2000.
  • Yoko, Ikemoto Yukio. Kataoka. “Anxiety, Satisfaction and QOL in Japan: A Subjective Approach To Human Security.” Presented at the Cambridge University, January 2000.
Encyclopedia Articles
  • kemoto Yukio,. “Solidarity Economy.” Themes in Ethnology, A World Encyclopedia. Edited by National Museum of Ethnology: Maruzen Publishing Co., Ltd., 2014.7 : 606-607. (in Japanese)

Experience

YearEducation
1980 B.A. Economics, Kyoto University
1993 Doctor of Economics, Kyoto University
1980-1990 Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies(IDE), Tokyo
1990-1998 Associate Professor, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University
1998- 2002 Associate Professor, Institute of Oriental Culture, The University of Tokyo
2002- Professor, Institute of Oriental Culture, The University of Tokyo
2010- Vice Director, Network for Education and Research on Asia (ASNET), The University of Tokyo
2011- 2013 Vice Director, Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, The University of Tokyo
YearAcademic experience